History Of Australia-- Australia History Brief History of Australia by Umair Ahmad

The-Commonwealth-of-Australia-is-a southern-hemisphere-comprising-world's smallest-continent. It includes the largest island of Tasmania and several smaller islands in the South, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Its neighbors include Indonesia,-East-Timor-and-Papua-New-Guinea-to the north, Solomon-Islands,-Vanuatu and New-Caledonia to the northeast, and New-Zealand to the southeast.

The central part of Australia has been inhabited by ancient Australians for over 42,000 years. Ikea fishermen and European adventurers and traders coming from the north began to move around in the 17th century. In the 1770s, Britain claimed the eastern half of Australia. It was again made part of the colony of New South Wales on January 26, 1788. As the population grew and new areas were discovered, five more colonies were built around the 19th century.

On January 1, 1901, the six colonies formed a federation and thus the Commonwealth of Australia came into existence. From the Federation to the present, Australia has a moderate democratic political system and is still a commonwealth. Its capital is Canberra. It has a population of 20 million and is spread over the mainland capitals Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.

Australis in Latin means "who is in the south". Stories about unknown lands in the south date back to ancient Roman times, but there was no real information about the actual continent. The word Australia was first used in English in 1625. In 1793, George Shaw and Sir James Smith published a journal called Zoology and the Botany for New Holland, in which they mentioned the vast island, not the continent. In 1814, Australia became known as a British navigator who wrote the book after his travels. His name was Matthew Flanders, and he traveled around Australia for the first time. Although the nature of this book was military, the word "Australia" gained popularity as it was widely read. Later the Governor of New South Wales used the word "Australia" in his official posts and in 1817 the name was approved to be officially adopted.

Early human settlement is estimated from 42,000 to 48,000 years ago. They were the ancestors of the present-day ancient Australian settlers, who had crossed over by land from Southeast Asia. Most of them were predators and herdsmen.

The first non-controversial European Dutch observer to visit Australia was William Johnson, who visited the Cape York peninsula in 1606. During the 17th century, the inhabitants of Holland made maps of the entire western and southern coastal areas and named it New Holland but made no attempt to settle. In 1770 James Cook arrived and made a map of the East Coast and named it New South Wales and named it Britain.

Australia's indigenous population, which is estimated to be around 35,000 people at the time of European arrival, has dropped dramatically after 150 years. The causes were diseases, forced migration of European people and cultural differences. In addition, snatching their children from locals is considered synonymous with genocide. In addition, these ancient inhabitants were sent for political and ideological purposes throughout history. Australians call it the historic war. After the 1967 referendum, the government began giving the locals their rights, including land ownership, ancestral honors, and recognition in 1992. The Australian government is still trying to overthrow the land the locals still have. Australia is one of seven countries that have been opposing the UN resolution for over 20 years, which includes the aboriginal indigenous population. Rights have been declared.

The race to find gold began in Australia in the early 1850s. It also resulted in small-scale uprisings. Westminster's 1931 law largely abolished the constitutional relations between Australia and Britain when Australia adopted it in 1942. Australia defeated America in 1942, fearing the invasion of Japan and then Japan's invasion. Since 1951, Australia has been a regular military ally of the United States. After World War II, Australia encouraged immigrants from Europe. At the end of white Australia's policy in the 1970s, people from Asia and other non-European areas began moving to Australia. This has had a profound impact on Australia's population, culture and identity.