K2

History of K2 mountain Biography-K2 highest peak in the world by Umair Ahmad 

K2:-

K2 is the second highest peak in the world. This range is located in Karakoram Mountain, Pakistan. Its height is 8611 meters / 28251 feet. It was first climbed on July 31, 1954, by two Italian climbers, Lesdale and Companioni. It is also called Mount Goodwin Austin and Shahguri.

History of K2:-

The mountain was first surveyed by Goodwin Austin in 1856. Thomas Mount Gumri was also with him. It was named K2 because it was the second highest peak in the Karakoram Range. It is named after Godon Austin. The first expedition to K2 took place in 1902 and ended in failure. After that, the efforts of 1909, 1934, 1938, 1939 and 1953 also failed. The Italian campaign of July 31, 1954, finally succeeded. Lisdale and Companioni managed to climb the K2. 23 years later, in August 1977, Achiro Yoshizawa, a Japanese climber, managed to climb it. With him, Ashraf Aman was the first Pakistani to climb on it. In 1978, an American team managed to climb it. K2 is considered more difficult and dangerous than Mount Everest. There are 246 people on K2 and 2238 on Mount Everest.K2 or Godon Austin Peak is the highest peak in the Karakoram Range in Gilgit-Baltistan, near the Pakistan-China border. It is the second highest peak in the world after Mount Everest. Cato is also called Chhoghori in the local Balti language, who cries out to the climbers at an altitude of eight thousand six hundred and eleven meters, or twenty-eight thousand two hundred and fifty feet above sea level, with all her murderous rage. Thomas Montgomery climbed the peak when a survey was conducted under the British government to measure the dimensions of India. Named after (Karakoram 2). Earlier, Henry Godon Austin, an English geologist, had discovered this crown of Karakoram. For this reason, it is also called Mount Godon Austin. This highest peak of Mount Karakoram is also called a savage or cruel mountain peak due to its dangerous ascents and slopes. Cato-climbing rates are lower than Mount Everest because of the extremely unfavorable weather and the deadly climb of the mountain whose lines are almost vertical. More climbers have died. In these climbs, 'Bottleneck' is the most dangerous place where many fatal accidents have taken place. These include the 2008 Kawa tragedy in which 11 climbers from different countries lost their lives. Bottleneck K2 is the general who is equipped with pillars and towers of the giant temple of ice and deceitfully kills one out of every five climbers who climb this pyramid-like mountain peak. That is why it is said that K2 is the peak that distinguishes between a passionate climber and a fame-hungry climber. The first attempt to head Cato was made in 1902 but failed. After the failures and experiments of several mountaineering groups, in 1954 an Italian team added a golden chapter to the history of mountaineering by climbing the brutal peak of K2 for the first time. In 1977, Ashraf Aman became the first Pakistani to conquer K2. Since then, many climbers have managed to reach the highest point of the Karakoram. June to August are the best months to climb K2. The rest of the year the weather here is very unsuitable for mountaineering. The most common route used to head it is the Abruzzi route, which is a difficult and dangerous route to use on a technical basis. Nazir Sabir is the proud capital of Pakistan who made a historic achievement by leading K2 to Western invasion. The 1981 mountaineering featured a Japanese climber with Nazir Sabir. Mehraban Shah, Rajab Shah and Hassan Sadpara have also reached the heights of K2. In 2014, for the first time, a team of Pakistani barriers and guides stepped on top of K2 with Italian climbers to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its ascent. The K2 was first filmed by a drone in 2016, but it was only possible up to 6,000 meters, after the K2's guard weather refused to allow the drone to fly.

History of karnal-What was the role of Nadir Shah in the battle of Karnal by Umair Ahmad

Battle of Karnal (1739):-

Battle of karnal

Mehmoud Ghaznavi

History of Mehmoud Ghaznavi Biography-The deeds of Mahmud Ghaznavi by Umair Ahmad

Mahmoud Ghaznavi:-

Yamin al-Dawla Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Sabkatgin aka Mahmud Ghaznavi (November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) was the first independent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 999 to 1030. At the time of his death, his empire had been transformed into a vast military empire, stretching from northwestern Iran to the Punjab in the subcontinent, and across the river to Khwarizm and MakraMahmud continued the bureaucratic, political and cultural traditions of his predecessors, which proved to be the basis for a Persian state in northern India. Its capital, Ghazni, developed into an important cultural, commercial and intellectual center of the Islamic world, almost rivaling the m ain city of Baghdad. Appeals were made to many prominent figures in the capital, such as Al-Biruni and Ferdowsi. He was the first ruler to take the title of Sultan ("Authority"), marking the extent of his power and protecting the ideological connection of the Abbasid caliph. During his reign, he invaded and conquered parts of the Indian subcontinent (east of the Indus River) seventeen times.

ؐMehmood Ghaznavi Early life:-

Mahmoud was born on November 2, 971, in the Ghazni region of Zabulistan (present-day Afghanistan). His father, Sabkatgin, was a Turkish slave commander (Ghulam) who founded the Ghaznavid Empire in 977, on which he ruled Khorasan and Trans-Canal as a subordinate of the Samanids. Mahmoud's mother was the daughter of Alpatgin. Not much is known about Mahmoud's early life. He was a schoolmate of Ahmad Maimandi, a resident of Zabulistan, the Persian capital, and his foster brother.

Family:-

Sabgatgeen married a woman named Kosari Jahan and had sons, Mahmud Ghaznavi and Ismail Ghaznavi, who succeeded him one by one. Mahmud Ghaznavi's sons were Masood Ghaznavi and Muhammad Ghaznavi who succeeded Mahmud Ghaznavi. Mahmud Ghaznavi, too, later became the ruler of the empire. His sister, Sattar-ul-Ma'ali, was married to Mahmud bin Ataullah Alvi, also known as Ghazi Salar Sahoo, whose son was Ghazi Syed Salar Masood. Mahmoud's partner was Georgian slave Malik Ayaz, and his love for poetry influenced poems and stories.

Early career:-

In 994, Mahmud joined his father Sabkatgin in capturing Khurasan from the rebel Fayek with the help of the Samanid Emir, Noah II. During this period, the Samanid Empire became extremely unstable, and with the change in the internal political waves, various groups struggled to control it, the most important of which were Abul Qasim Samjuri, Faiq, Abu Ali, General Bakhtuzin and the neighboring Al Buwayh. And the Qarakhanids.

leadership:-

Sabkatgin died in 997 and was succeeded by his son Ismail Ghaznavi as ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post. The reason for this is that Shah Ismail's mother is the daughter of Alpatgin, the old owner of Sabkatgin. Mahmud soon revolted, and with the help of his other brother, Abul Zafar, the governor of Lashkar Gah, he defeated Ismail in the battle of Ghazni the following year and took control of the Ghaznavid Empire. This year, in 998, Mahmud then traveled to Balkh and met Amir Abu al-Harith Mansour b. Tribute to Noor II. He then appointed Abul Hassan Asfarini as his minister and then left the west for Ghazni to take over Kandahar, after which he went to Lashkar Gah, where he turned it into a military city.

Attacks on India:-

When Sabkatgin died in August 997, Sultan Mahmud, like his father, was the ruler of Neshapur, and Sultan's brother Ismail, who was in Ghazni at the time of his father's death, announced his coronation. Sultan Mahmud first tried to talk to his brother Ismail through correspondence, but when no solution was found, he attacked Ghazni in 998. He overthrew Ismail's government and took over the kingdom of Ghazni. Sultan Mahmud, who is considered one of the great generals of Islamic history, had an army of about one hundred thousand and the army included Arabs, Ghauri, Seljuks, Afghans, Mughals and ten to fifteen thousand Hindu soldiers. As many soldiers were recruited from India. They were mostly Hindus. Their commander was also an Indian, known as the Hindu Commander-in-Chief. The Hindu military officers included a few notable names, Birpal, Chak Nath, Zanash, Bajai Rao and Sohni Rao. The Abbasid Caliph conferred the title of Yamin al-Dawla on Sultan Mahmud in 999, in connection with which the government of Sultan Mahmud's family is also called the Yemeni Empire. Mahmud Ghaznavi built a special city on the desert shores near Herat, Hathinagar, that the warm climate of these regions suited the seasons of India. Then he raised hundreds of elephants brought from India in this city. Along with the elephants, their reformers were also brought from India and thus the elephants became happy in this city. Mahmud Herbers would invade India with the help of these elephants and on his return would send them back to this elephant town near Herat instead of Ghazni. It is important to know the root cause of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, whose greatest cause is the seventeen attacks on India. The area from Lahore to Peshawar in present day Pakistan was under the rule of a Hindu Raja Jayapal. Jayapal and Sultan Mehmood's father Sabkatgin fought a battle in the areas of Peshawar and Jalalabad in 986, in which Jayapal was defeated and Sabkatgin's kingdom spread to Attock along the Indus River. As soon as Sultan Mehmood took over the government Strengthening his empire with small campaigns as far as Peshawar, Raja Jayapal, who was already eager to avenge his defeat, formed a large army and set out to attack Ghazni. In 1001, the armies of Raja Jayapal and Sultan Mahmood clashed near Peshawar. Raja Jayapal was defeated and his entire family was arrested. After negotiations and release in exchange for a hefty ransom, Jayapal returned to Lahore. As Jayapal had sought help from the kings around him before the battle, he surrendered his government to his son Anandpal in a state of great embarrassment after the defeat. A huge pyre was lit near an old banyan tree at one of the gates and burned to death. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni made the second attack in 1004. Bhanda or Bhairah which ruled over the state near the Sutlej river whose king was Baji Rao. The third attack was made on Abul Fateh, the ruler of Multan in 1006 AD, but on the way he clashed with Anand Pal's son Anand Pal on the banks of the Indus. After a fierce battle, Anand Pal was defeated and according to some traditions he sought refuge in Kashmir. ran away. After defeating Anand Pal, Sultan Mahmud turned to Multan and after conquering Multan, it is said that the ruler of Multan appointed Sikh Paul, the grandson of Jayapal, who had converted to Islam. Soon Sultan Mahmood had to go to Multan again where Sikh Pal had revolted. In 1008, the Sultan defeated and deposed Sikh Pal. Meanwhile, Anand Pal, who had been defeated and fled to Kashmir, returned and once again declared war on the Sultan. At the same time, Anand Pal, with the help of the surrounding kings, assembled a large army. In the last days of 1008, war broke out again in the Attock area near the Indus River. After a bloody battle, Anand Pal was defeated again. In the last months of 1009, Sultan Mahmood again invaded India, first conquering the state of Narainpur and then in 1010 annexing the area around Multan. In 1014, the Sultan defeated Anand Pal's son, Lujan Pal, in the area of ​​present-day Kohistan, and further defeated a large army which had come from Kashmir to help Lujan Pal. In 1015, Sultan Mahmud invaded Kashmir but had to return without a fight when the roads were closed due to snowfall. In 1018, Sultan Mahmud first landed his army across the Punjab in the Jumna River region and laid siege to the famous state of Qanooj after conquering Mathura, a Hindu religious site. The king of Qanuj sent a message of peace to the Sultan and accepted to be the Sultan's tax collector. In 1019, Raja Ganda of Kalingar, an adjoining state of Qanuj, attacked Qanuj and killed the Raja. When the news of this reached Sultan Mahmud, he set out to avenge the murder of his submissive Raja What Raja Lojan Pal and Raja Ganda who were defeated by Sultan Mahmood. The two jointly prepared for a major offensive and once again in 1019 the Sultan had to travel to India again to subdue them. As a result, both the kings were defeated and the Hindu Shahi Raja was eliminated from India. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni conquered the northwestern part of the empire and the valleys of the Euphrates between 1020 and 1025. At the same time, Sultan Mahmud was constantly receiving reports from his informants that all the states of northern and central India were fighting for revenge after the defeat of the Sultan and now a joint offensive was being prepared. For this, a very famous temple Somnath in Kathiawar area of ​​Gujarat has been made the center. Somnath was a magnificent temple by the sea, which was a central place among Hindus all over India. The importance of the Shiva idol in the temple can be gauged from the fact that fresh water was brought from the river Ganga on a daily basis for bathing the Shiva idol. Preparations for the war were in full swing when the Sultan prepared for an advance attack. The distance from Ghazni to Somnath is about 2600 km, of which 500 km was the most difficult desert of Cholistan and Rajasthan. In October 1025, the Sultan's army left Ghazni with 30,000 soldiers. After a distance of three months, he encamped near the Somnath Temple in January 1026. Maharajas and princes from all over India were present with their respective armies to guard the temple. The battle began and after a fierce battle, Sultan Mahmud was victorious. The temple was demolished. This is the famous war on which some historians have played an important role in making the caste of Sultan Mahmud a looter. After Somnath, Sultan Mahmood's last battle against India took place in 1027 AD, which stretched from the Indus River to the Beas River. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni remained ill for the last two or three years. He carried out his last war campaign in 1029 in the Iranian region of Ray and defeated the ruler of Ray, Al Buwayh. He is said to have died in Ghazni on 30 April 1030 at the age of 59 from tuberculosis.

Osman Ghazi - Usman Ghazi - One of the biggest Empire - Ottoman Emipe

Osman I

Usman Khan Ghazi (Usman bin Artagharl, Usman I or Usman Khan Ghazi) (Ottoman Turkish: Usman Ghazi) (born 1258 - died 9 August 1327) was the founder of the Ottoman Empire.

Autonomy

After the death of Uthman's father, Ertugrul, the Mongol occupation of Konya, the capital of the Roman Empire, and the fall of the Seljuk Empire, Uthman's estate became independent, later called the Ottoman Empire. Usman Khan's estate was bordered by the Byzantine Empire of Constantinople. This was the same Byzantine government known as the Roman Empire in Arab times, which was taxed by the Seljuks in the time of Alp Arsalan and Malik Shah. Now this Byzantine Empire had become very weak and small The competition was huge and powerful. The Byzantine forts kept invading Usman's manor, which led to fighting between Usman Khan and the Byzantine government. Uthman showed great bravery and ability in these battles and conquered many areas, including the famous city of Bursa. Uthman died after the conquest of Bursa.

the role

Uthman was a very brave and wise ruler. He used to do justice to his subjects. His life was simple and he never amassed wealth. He used to distribute the booty among the soldiers after taking out the share of the orphans and the poor. He was generous, compassionate, and hospitable, and it is because of these qualities that the Turks still hold him in high esteem. After that, it became customary that when a king sat on the throne, Uthman's sword was tied around his waist and it was prayed that God would create in him the same qualities as Uthman. Usman's capital was his city, but after the conquest of Bursa it was declared the capital.

Dream

Uthman had a dream that:

"A huge tree appeared from its side which continued to grow. Until its branches spread over the sea and the sea. Out of the root of the tree flowed 4 great rivers of the world and 4 great mountains to its branches. Then a strong wind blew, and the leaves of this tree turned towards a great city, which was a place where two seas and two continents met and looked like a ring. Usman wanted to wear the ring when his eye was opened.

Ibn-e-Sina Biography - History--Bo Ali Ibn-e-Sina (Avicenna)

Ibn-e-Sina:

Bo Ali Sena's full name is Ali al-Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn Hussein ibn Ali ibn Sina (980 - 1037 AD), a prominent physician and philosopher of the world. Ibn Sina or Abina Sina was a learned scholar of Persia who is considered among the most important thinkers and writers of the golden age of Islam during the time of Aaron al-Rashid. Abu Selina is known in the West as Avicenna. His title is "Al-Shaykh al-Raees". Was one of the greatest thinkers of Islam and one of the most famous philosophers and practitioners of the East. He is thought to have authored 450 books, out of which around 240 survived, of which there were 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine. His most famous books include "Book Healing, a Philosophical and Scientific Encyclopedia and the" Medical Laws of a Medical Encyclopedia. "Many of these items were available in medieval universities until 1650 as a standard medical book. In 1973, Ibn Sina's book "Medical Laws" was reprinted in New York. In addition to philosophy and medicine, Ibn Sina also studied astronomy, chemistry, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics. Ibn Sina is also called the sun of the medical world.

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Muhammad bin Qasim Biography - History Realty Muhammad Bin Qasim

Muhammad bin Qasim:

Mohammed bin Qasim's maiden name was Emaduddin Mohammed bin Qasim, the nephew of Hajjaj bin Yusuf, a renowned soldier of the Umayyad. Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh at the age of 17 and introduced Islam to India. Because of this great victory, they have the honor of being a Christian among the Muslims of India and Pakistan and that is why Sindh is called "Bab-ul-Islam" because the door to Islam opened on India. Mohammad Bin Qasim was born in 694 AD in Taif. His father was counted among prominent family members. When Hajjaj ibn Yusuf was appointed governor of Iraq, he appointed prominent members of the cultural family in various positions. Among them was Mohammed's father Qasim, who held the governorship of Basra. This is how Muhammad bin Qasim's initial training took place in Basra. His father passed away at the age of about 5.

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Camera inventor Ibn al-Haytham - A great Muslim Scientist Ibn-e al Hasim (Haytham)

Ibn al-Haytham:

His name is "Abu Ali al-Hassan ibn al-Haytham", known as Ibn al-Haytham. Ibn al-Hashim (born 965, died 1039) was born in Basra, Iraq's historic city. He was a prolific researcher in the fields of physics, mathematics, engineering, astronomy and physics. The reason for this is due to fame eyes and light investigations.

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First World War - 1 World War History - World War 1

First World War:

The Great War, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the war that ended all wars. The Great War was a World War that began in Europe. The war lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Germany, Austria, the Khungri Empire, Turkey and Bulgaria on the one hand and Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Portugal, Japan and the United States on the other. On November 11, 1918, Germany closed the war. And requested a reconciliation. On 28 June 1919 an agreement was reached between the parties. This has had a very bad impact on the Muslim world. Since Turkey was an ally of Germany, it had to pay a heavy price for this war. The British encouraged the Arabs on the war against the Turks, thus the Muslims fought on the basis of nationality. And many of the Arab occupations of Turkey fell into the hands of the Turkish Sultan. Later, the British also occupied Turkey and decided to divide the development. But great personalities like Kamal Ataturk prevented Britain and Greece from doing so. As a result of this war, the great caliphate of the Muslims was eliminated. About one million people from both sides worked in the World War and nearly two million were inactive. The first war ended 95 years ago in November. But this war continues to undermine stories of oppression and tolerance. Most nations around the world gradually became involved in this war. And so the whole world went on fire. New technology used for the first time in the world. For the first time the world saw the use of chemical and toxic gas. It was a devastating war in human history. About 90 million men were killed on the battlefield. And so many people became aware of poverty, hunger and disease. According to history, alliances began to form in Europe in the late 19th century. In 1904, France and Britain made a treaty that was not a regular alliance. However, the importance of close relationships was immense. Similarly a treaty was signed between Britain and Russia in 1907 (TRIPLE ENTENTE). Which included Russia, France and the United Kingdom. Now Europe is divided. On one side were Germany, Austria, Hungary, Serbia and Italy, while Russia, France and Britain on the other. Japan also had a treaty with Britain in 1902. So he made a declaration war on behalf of Britain. With this fear and power, most countries around the world have become part of this war. World War I was the first major conflict of the twentieth century. The conflict apparently began with a murder. But the shadows of war have been shadowing these areas for a long time. But it started out regularly after the assassination in 1914. The First World War was one of the most devastating battles of modern history. One million soldiers were killed in this battle along with civilians. The number of casualties was due to the free use of sophisticated weapons, bad, naval and aviation. In this war, Britain over and over were on the one hand. On the other hand, the last Sultan's troops were stationed in Germany and Turkey. There was so much loss, both physically and financially, in this war. That in the history of the world it will hardly be exemplified. But if it is eaten, it will not be wrong. If the world had the same number of deaths before this war, if one were put aside and the number of deaths in that war. These deaths were greater than all these wars. In World War I, more than two million people were killed, millions of poverty, hunger, and diseases were exposed. All of them had separate soldiers killed. Which was about a crore. The tragedy of the First World War. That the world can make any progress. And no matter how decent a human being may be, he is still less than a wild beast in theory and sex. And he has proven this on many occasions. This war of the last century serves as a poison killer for people working for world peace and tolerance and for this ideology. If human beings still take any steps towards world peace and stability. So he had to take a look back at the war that was fought by his opponents and ancestors. Because civil war is a powerful platform for war.

Abu Bakr al-Razi:

Abu Bakir Al-Razi

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• Al-jadri wa- al-hasba
• Kitab al-hawi

Och Sharif Ancient City of Pakistan - Och Sharif One of the Oldest City of Pakistan

Och Sharif:

Och or Och Sharif is an ancient city located in Punjab. It is a historical town located about 75 km (42 miles) west of Bahawalpur, 16 km (10 miles) from Panjand. It is believed that the city was founded 500 years ago. Muhammad Bin Qasim conquered the city and in the Islamic government the city was the center of Islamic education. There are many Sufi shrines here. Many historic shrines are located in this historic town, where a large number of visitors are welcomed at all times. In addition, foreign tourists also visit this place especially because of its historical significance. Many elderly shrines of religion are in this town, some of them are as follows:-

• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Jalaluddin Haider Sharkhposh Bukhari
• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Makhdoom Jehani 
• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Fazluddin Ladla Bukhari
• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Saddamuddin Rajan Qutal Bukhari
• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Mahboob Subhani Gilani Qadri
• Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Safiuddin Haqqani Gazaroni
• Tomb bb jewandi
• Hazrat Abu Hanifa.
• Mosque Hajat Sharif (built by Muhammad Bin Qasim, which is located in the palace of Diwan, along with the tomb of Hazrat Syed Fazluddin Ladla)
• Hazrat Syed Jamal Darwish
• Hazrat Syed Hassan Kabiruddin (Hassan Darya)
• Hazrat Makhdoom Dewan Syed Mohammad Hassan Bukhari Al-Mufar Pir Diwan

Sultan Mohammad Fateh Biography - Ottoman Empire King Sultan Mohammad Fateh

Sultan Mohammad Fateh:

Sultan Mohammad Fateh or Sultan Mohammad al-Thani  (born 30 March 1432 - died (3 May 1481) was the seventh Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to 1446 and 1451 to 1481. He conquered Constantinople at the age of just 21 and ended the Byzantine Empire permanently. After this grand victory he added Caesar to his speeches. Sultan Muhammad Sani conquered this great center of Christianity and the fortified fort of the Nantini Empire, fulfilling the wishes of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) conveyed to his conquerors the good news of Paradise, expressing his desire for victory over Constantinople. After conquering Constantinople, Sultan Mohammad Sani took over as a prominent figure in Islam's renowned figures. Constantinople was conquered, and the era saw that the thousand-year-old pride and pride of idols of the Nizamite Empire lay low, and beneath the wall of Constantinople there was a shadow of the flag on the tomb of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari. Constantinople's glorious world is a monument to the courage of Muslims for Islam. Mohammad Fateh joined the Ottoman Empire in the Anz, Galata and Cafe regions, and also participated in the siege of Belgrade, where he was seriously wounded. In 1458 he conquered most of Moria and one year later Serbia. In 1461, Amasra and Asfandyar joined the Ottoman Empire, they abolished the Greek Empire Turbzon, and in 1462 Romania, Yachty, and Medelli also joined the empire.

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Sultan Mohammad Fateh Bridge, located in Istanbul

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Fort Lahore Pakistan - Fort Lahore History - History of Lahore Fort 

Fort Lahore:

Fort Lahore, also known locally as the Royal Fort, is located in the city of Lahore, Punjab province of Pakistan. The fort is located on the northwest corner of the city. Although the fort dates back to ancient times, it was rebuilt by the Mughal Emperor Akbar Azam (1605-1567), while the later generations of Akbar continued to renovate. So this fort looks like a magnificent model of Mughal architecture and tradition. Some of the most famous places within the fort include the Shesh Palace, the Alamgiri Gate, the Nolakha Palace and the Moti Masjid. In 1981, the fort was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site with Shalmar Bagh.

History:

There are various vague and traditional facts regarding the construction of Fort Lahore. However, during the excavation of 1959, the Department of Archeology confronted the civilian public, in which Mahmud Ghaznavi found a gold coin of the year 1025. It was found at a depth of about 62.7 meters from the garden land. However, strong evidence from the excavation of five meters shows that the population was present here around 1021 even before the conquest of Lahore by Mahmud Ghaznavi. Moreover, the traces of this fort are also found from the time of Shahabuddin Ghori, when he invaded Lahore from 1180 to 1186.

Construction Structure:

The geographical importance of Lahore in view of the invaders of Kabul, Multan and Kashmir in the Mughal Empire demanded that the fort be made Lahore a strong fort with solid brickwork. In its construction the Persian color is reflected, which has deepened with the conquests of various kings. The fort is clearly divided into two parts: the first part, which is well connected by all the entrances, and includes the general public for all the gardens and royal attendants. The second section is comprised of private and secret dwellings spread out in the courtyard and hallways to the north, which used to have an "elephant door". It also includes a glass palace, spacious living room and small gardens. The exterior walls are a classic example of blue Persian decoration. Its main entrance is in front of the "Mary Zamani Mosque", while a large universal gate opens towards the Holy Gardens, where the Great Kingdom Mosque is also located.

Fort Lahore in the context of time:

• 1241 AD - Destroyed by the Mongols.
• 1267 - Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Balbin rebuilt.
• 1398 - Amir is destroyed by Timur's forces.
• 1421 AD - Sultan Mubarak Shah Syed has rebuilt the soil.
• 1432 - The fort is occupied by Sheikh Ali of Kabul, and he repairs the fort, damaging it during the reign of Sheikha Khokhar.
• 1566 - Mughal commander Akbar rebuilt the old brickwork, with its old brickwork, and probably extended it to the River Ravi at the same time. (Until about 1849, the Ravi fort flowed along the northern wall of Lahore.) Akbar also built a "wealthy specialty", popularly known as "Jhrokha Darshan" and in addition to the mosque gates. Made.
• 1618 - Jahangir adds "rich Jahangir".
• 1631 - Shah Jahan builds a glass palace.
• 1633 - Shah Jahan builds "Dream House," "Bath", "Khulut Khana" and "Moti Masjid".
• 1645 - Shah Jahan builds "Diwan Khas".
• 1674 - Aurangzeb opens the door to the utmost mass.
• 1799 or 1839 - During this time, the northern wall, which is situated along the trench, was built by Ranjit Singh, a marble "Hatha Dera", "Haveli Mai Janda", "Bara Dari Raja Dhian Singh", a Sikh rulers who ruled from 1799 to 1839.
• 1846 - British occupation
• 1927 - Britain demolishes the fort's southern wall, dismantling its fortified fort and handing it over to the British Department of Archeology. 

Genghis Khan Biography - Genghis Khan History - Genghis Khan Realty

Genghis Khan:

Genghis Khan the Mongol chiefs. Born in the Anan River The real name was Tamujan which means "ironworker".

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Adolf Hitler Biography - Adolf Hitler History - Adolf Hitler Realty

Adolf Hitler:

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Childhood and education:

Early days of puberty in Vienna and Munich:

After 1905, Hitler took up the Bohemian lifestyle in Vienna, where he was financed by his mother's Orphan Relief Fund. He used to work occasionally, but eventually he chose painting as his livelihood and started selling watercolors. The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna rejected it twice in 1907 and 1908, and the director advised him to become a specialist, in which his academic qualifications were inadequate. On December 21, 1907, his mother died at the age of 47. After being rejected for the second time from the academy, all of Hitler's accumulated capital was exhausted, and in 1909 he began living in the home of the desperate, and in 1910 the poor-working people in the house settled in MildiMonsterbe. In this period Vienna was the center of religious prejudice and racism. The fear of occupation was common among the masses who migrated from the East, and the popular populace Mayor Carl Leugher continued to stir Jewish sentiments to arouse personal politics. George Schooner's pan-Germanic Jewish shaman sentiment was also common in Hitler's residential district Mariahalf. Newspapers of the period also published similar material, in which a Deutsche Wolfsblatt was often overlooked by Hitler, expressing concern over the conversion of Christians to East Jewish settlements. All of this led to praising Martin Luther's theory. In the mind of Hitler, the origins of Jewish enemy thinking are difficult to guess. In his book Mine Kampf, he admits to adopting the mascot in Vienna, while his close friend August Kubicek says he had such feelings before leaving Hitler Lines. In contrast, several sources confirm that Hitler had several Jewish friends in Vienna's hostel and elsewhere. Historian Richard Evans writes that "historians now generally agree that their pro-Jewish, murderous anti-Jewish behavior was the result of the defeat of Germany in the First World War." He received the last part of his father's estate in 1913 and moved to Munich. According to historians, he took this step not to enlist in the Austrian army.

Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Biography - Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud History

Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud:

Faisal bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud was king of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975. He was the great Daity of the Alliance of Ummah and throughout his reign, he worked towards achieving this goal.

Early life:

As the covenant of the guardian:

As head of state:

development work:

Foreign Affairs:

Unity islam:

Relations with Pakistan:

Differences between Shah Saud and Shah Faisal:

Murder: